What industry became dominant in California after the Gold Rush?

The correct answer is agriculture and farming. Following the Gold Rush, which began in 1848, California experienced a significant increase in population and development. As thousands of prospectors flocked to the state seeking fortune, many of them began to settle in agricultural areas, leading to the expansion of farming and agriculture as they recognized the rich land and favorable climate for growing crops.

California's diverse geography and climate allowed for the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, establishing it as a crucial agricultural hub in the nation. The need for food and supplies for both the growing population and the mining camps further propelled the agricultural industry. By the late 19th century, California was becoming recognized for its production of fruits, vegetables, and later, wine, contributing to the state's economy significantly.

While technology, fishing, and real estate are all important industries, they did not match the immediate dominance and fundamental economic impact that agriculture and farming had in shaping California's development after the Gold Rush.