Which English explorer was the first to circumnavigate the globe?

Sir Francis Drake is historically recognized as the first English explorer to successfully circumnavigate the globe. His voyage, which took place from 1577 to 1580, was significant not only for its achievement in navigation but also for its implications in showcasing England's expanding maritime influence during the Age of Exploration. Drake’s expedition included extensive exploration along the coasts of South America and he eventually sailed across the Pacific Ocean, returning to England and thus completing the circumnavigation.

This accomplishment is important within the context of California history as Drake is often associated with early European exploration of the region. He claimed the land for England and referred to it as "Nova Albion," contributing to European interest in North America.

The other figures mentioned did not undertake global circumnavigation. Gaspar de Portolá was known for his expeditions within California during the Spanish colonization. Kit Carson was a frontiersman and scout who played a significant role in westward expansion. John C. Fremont was an explorer and military officer notable for his expeditions in the American West, particularly in California, but neither circumnavigated the globe.