Which treaty ended the Mexican-American War and ceded California to the United States?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is the correct answer because it specifically ended the Mexican-American War, which lasted from 1846 to 1848. Signed on February 2, 1848, this treaty resulted in Mexico ceding a significant portion of its territory to the United States, including not only California but also present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah.

This agreement not only resolved the conflict but also significantly expanded the territory of the United States, shaping its future development and leading to California's admission as a state in 1850. The treaty was instrumental in defining the borders between the two nations and laid the groundwork for the expansionist policies of the United States during the 19th century, often referred to as Manifest Destiny.

The other treaties listed in the options do not pertain to the end of the Mexican-American War. The Treaty of Paris is associated with the end of the Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, and the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. Therefore, none of those treaties relate to the historical context surrounding California's acquisition.